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Table of contents

Grammar - Formal Commands (el imperativo)

Commands are used when you ask someone to do something or give instructions to people. In this lesson we learn the formal commands, which are the ones you say to persons where you use the usted or ustedes form. The following table shows the endings for the regular verbs. Note that the stem changes (e->ie, e->i, o->ue) apply for formal commands:

  hablar comer pedir
Usted hable coma pida
Ustedes hablen coman pidan

The following verbs have irregular formal commands:

  dar estar ir saber ser
Usted esté vaya sepa sea
Ustedes den estén vayan sepan sean

Like in English, the command is usually put in the beginning of the sentence:

Examples:

Piense antes de hablar.

Think before you speak.

Terminen sus tareas escolares.

Finish your homework.

Dejen la casa inmediatamente.

Leave the house immediately.

Grammar - Informal Tú-Commands

In this lesson we learn the commands you say to someone you would address in the form. Spanish distinguishes two different types of -commands, the affirmative (do something) and the negative (don't do something). Like the formal commands, we also apply stem changes here:

  hablar comer pedir
Affirmative habla come pide
Negative no hables no comas no pidas

The following verbs have irregular informal -commands for the affirmative and negative.

  decir hacer ir poner
Affirmative di haz ve/anda (Chile, Argentina) pon
Negative no digas no hagas no vayas no pongas
  salir ser tener venir
Affirmative sal ten ven
Negative no salgas no seas no tengas no vengas


This can be memorized with the rhyming mnemonic device "di haz pon ten, sal sé ve ven."

Examples:

Piensa antes de hablar.

Think before you speak.

Termina tus tareas escolares.

Finish your homework.

No dejes la casa.

Don't leave the house.

El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - La salud (Health)

Los cuidados médicos Medical attention
la salud the health
la enfermedad the disease
el dolor the pain
el dolor de cabeza the headache
el dolor de estómago the stomachache
el resfriado the chill, the cold
la medicina the medicine
el hospital the hospital
la cama the bed
el médico the physician
la enfermera the nurse

El vocabulario (Vocabulary) - El cuerpo (The Body)


Las partes del cuerpo Body parts
la cabeza the head
el ojo the eye
la oreja the ear
more...  
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Copyright Laurent Camus (EFL teacher)

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